.book-opening__jump{display:inline-block;margin:8px 0 2px;color:#fff;font-weight:800;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px}
.book-opening__jump:hover{color:#e8c98a}
.visual-gallery__zoom{display:block;margin-top:10px;color:#e8c98a;font-weight:800;font-size:.86rem}
#apercus{scroll-margin-top:86px}


.book-preview-gallery[hidden]{display:none!important}


.video-monograph-v20292{margin-top:2rem}
.video-original-thumbnail{margin:1.4rem 0 0;max-width:980px}
.video-original-thumbnail img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;aspect-ratio:16/9;object-fit:cover;border-radius:14px;border:1px solid rgba(30,64,175,.18);box-shadow:0 10px 26px rgba(15,23,42,.10)}
.video-original-thumbnail figcaption{margin-top:.55rem;font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.5;color:#4b5563}
@media(max-width:640px){.video-original-thumbnail{margin-top:1rem}.video-original-thumbnail figcaption{font-size:.86rem}}


.mars-evidence-badge{
  display:block;
}
.mars-evidence-badge a{
  display:inline;
  white-space:normal;
  overflow-wrap:anywhere;
}



:root{--dsm-night:#050b12;--dsm-panel:#091522;--dsm-panel2:#0c2032;--dsm-gold:#f1bb4e;--dsm-copper:#c86b3b;--dsm-red:#c93530;--dsm-text:#f5f8fb;--dsm-line:#29465e;--dsm-paper:#fffaf2}
html,body{max-width:100%;overflow-x:hidden}
.mars-header{position:relative!important;z-index:70!important;background:linear-gradient(180deg,#030a11,#071421)!important;border-bottom:1px solid #b9772a!important;color:#fff!important}
.mars-header__inner{width:min(100%,1720px)!important;margin:0 auto!important;padding:12px 18px!important;min-height:106px!important;display:grid!important;grid-template-columns:minmax(250px,310px) minmax(0,1fr) auto auto!important;grid-template-areas:"brand nav lang support"!important;gap:10px 14px!important;align-items:center!important;min-width:0!important}
.mars-header .mars-brand,.mars-header .ds-mars-home-brand{grid-area:brand!important;position:static!important;left:auto!important;top:auto!important;width:auto!important;height:auto!important;min-width:0!important;display:flex!important;align-items:center!important;gap:12px!important;padding:0!important;color:#fff!important;text-decoration:none!important}
.mars-header .ds-mars-home-brand:before{content:"";width:78px!important;height:78px!important;flex:0 0 78px!important;background:url('/mars-assets/img/brand/delta-sierra-mars-official.png') center/contain no-repeat!important;filter:drop-shadow(0 7px 15px rgba(0,0,0,.45))}
.mars-header .ds-mars-home-brand__copy{display:flex!important;flex-direction:column!important;min-width:0!important;line-height:1!important}.mars-header .ds-mars-home-brand__copy small{color:#f7f8fa!important;font-size:.73rem!important;letter-spacing:.16em!important;font-weight:850!important}.mars-header .ds-mars-home-brand__copy strong{margin-top:5px!important;color:#ec704d!important;font-size:1.9rem!important;letter-spacing:.07em!important}.mars-header .ds-mars-home-brand__copy em{margin-top:6px!important;color:#f1d6a5!important;font-size:.58rem!important;font-style:normal!important;letter-spacing:.07em!important;font-weight:750!important}
.mars-header .mars-brand{flex-direction:column!important;align-items:flex-start!important;justify-content:center!important}.mars-header .mars-brand span{font:850 .72rem/1.1 system-ui,sans-serif!important;letter-spacing:.16em!important;color:#e9b15a!important}.mars-header .mars-brand strong{font:850 1.02rem/1.18 system-ui,sans-serif!important;color:#fff!important}
.mars-header .site-nav{grid-area:nav!important;min-width:0!important;width:100%!important;overflow:visible!important}.mars-header .site-nav__inner{display:flex!important;flex-wrap:wrap!important;align-items:center!important;justify-content:center!important;gap:4px 5px!important;min-width:0!important;width:100%!important;background:rgba(7,20,34,.82)!important;border:1px solid #1f354a!important;border-radius:11px!important;padding:5px!important;overflow:visible!important}.mars-header .site-nav a,.mars-header .site-nav a:visited{flex:0 1 auto!important;min-width:0!important;white-space:nowrap!important;padding:9px 10px!important;border-radius:7px!important;color:#f5f3ef!important;text-decoration:none!important;font:720 clamp(.76rem,.8vw,.9rem)/1.15 system-ui,sans-serif!important}.mars-header .site-nav a:hover,.mars-header .site-nav a:focus-visible{background:#55301f!important;color:#fff!important;outline:2px solid var(--dsm-gold)!important;outline-offset:1px!important}.mars-header .mars-nav-link{background:#192d3e!important;border:1px solid #c99634!important;color:#fff!important}.mars-header .site-language-switcher{grid-area:lang!important;position:relative!important;justify-self:end!important}.mars-header .btn-soutien{grid-area:support!important;white-space:nowrap!important;background:#b92f2b!important;color:#fff!important;border-radius:8px!important;padding:12px 14px!important;text-decoration:none!important;font-weight:850!important;box-shadow:0 8px 20px rgba(137,26,23,.2)!important}.mars-header .btn-soutien:hover{background:#d4433c!important}
.ds-mobile-nav-toggle,.ds-mobile-sidebar-toggle{display:none}

.mars-header .mars-brand{display:none!important}
.mars-system-sidebar img,.mars-system-sidebar svg,.mars-system-sidebar video{max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important}
html body img{max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important}
.site-language-switcher{position:relative!important}
.site-language-switcher:not([open]) .site-language-switcher__panel{display:none!important}
.site-language-switcher__panel{position:absolute!important;right:0!important;left:auto!important;top:calc(100% + 8px)!important;max-width:min(320px,calc(100vw - 24px))!important;z-index:150!important}
.visually-hidden{position:absolute!important;width:1px!important;height:1px!important;padding:0!important;margin:-1px!important;overflow:hidden!important;clip:rect(0,0,0,0)!important;white-space:nowrap!important;border:0!important}
@media(max-width:600px){
 .mars-header .ds-mars-home-brand__copy small,.mars-header .ds-mars-home-brand__copy em{display:none!important}
 .mars-header .ds-mars-home-brand__copy strong{font-size:1.3rem!important;line-height:1!important}
 .mars-header .site-language-switcher>summary{max-width:100%!important}
}
@media(max-width:1024px){
 .mars-header__inner{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) auto!important;grid-template-areas:"brand toggle" "lang lang"!important}
 .mars-header .site-language-switcher{grid-area:lang!important;justify-self:start!important;max-width:100%!important}
 .mars-header .site-nav{grid-row:3!important}
}
.ds-mobile-sidebar-close{display:none!important}
@media(max-width:1024px){
 .ds-mobile-sidebar-close{display:flex!important;align-items:center!important;justify-content:center!important;position:sticky!important;top:0!important;z-index:3!important;width:100%!important;margin:0 0 10px!important;padding:11px 12px!important;border:0!important;border-bottom:1px solid #3b5366!important;background:#10283d!important;color:#fff!important;font:850 .92rem/1 system-ui,sans-serif!important;cursor:pointer!important}
}
.mars-header .ds-mars-home-brand:has(.ds-mars-header-logo):before{display:none!important}
.mars-header .ds-mars-home-brand .ds-mars-header-logo{display:block!important;width:78px!important;height:78px!important;flex:0 0 78px!important;object-fit:contain!important;filter:drop-shadow(0 7px 15px rgba(0,0,0,.45))}
@media(max-width:600px){.mars-header .ds-mars-home-brand .ds-mars-header-logo{width:58px!important;height:58px!important;flex-basis:58px!important}}
@media(max-width:600px){.ds-mobile-nav-toggle{margin-right:8px!important;min-width:64px!important;padding-inline:9px!important}}


@media(min-width:1025px){
  body.mars-page .mars-portal-frame,body.mars-portal .mars-portal-frame,.mars-portal-frame{
    display:grid!important;grid-template-columns:300px minmax(0,1fr)!important;align-items:start!important;
    width:100%!important;max-width:1600px!important;margin:0 auto!important;min-width:0!important;background:#071522!important;
  }
  .mars-system-sidebar{
    display:block!important;position:sticky!important;top:0!important;align-self:start!important;width:300px!important;max-width:300px!important;
    max-height:100vh!important;overflow:auto!important;transform:none!important;z-index:20!important;
  }
  .mars-portal-main{grid-column:2!important;min-width:0!important;width:100%!important;max-width:none!important;margin:0!important;overflow:visible!important}
}
.mars-system-sidebar{background:#081725!important;color:#eef3f6!important;border-right:1px solid #203d52!important;padding:16px 16px 28px!important;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",sans-serif!important}
.mars-sidebar-title{padding:11px 12px!important;margin:0 0 10px!important;background:#10283d!important;border:1px solid #2d4a60!important;border-radius:10px!important;color:#fff!important;font-weight:900!important;letter-spacing:.04em!important}
.mars-sidebar-search{margin:0 0 12px!important}.mars-sidebar-search input{display:block!important;width:100%!important;max-width:100%!important;min-width:0!important;padding:10px 11px!important;border:1px solid #b78b59!important;border-radius:10px!important;background:#fff9f1!important;color:#26323c!important;font-size:.94rem!important}
.mars-sidebar-search-help{display:none!important}
.mars-sidebar-tools{display:grid!important;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr))!important;gap:6px!important;margin:8px 0 12px!important}
.mars-sidebar-tools a,.mars-sidebar-tools a:visited{display:flex!important;align-items:center!important;justify-content:center!important;min-height:42px!important;padding:7px 5px!important;border:1px solid #315169!important;border-radius:8px!important;background:#10283d!important;color:#f8f4eb!important;text-decoration:none!important;text-align:center!important;font:800 .78rem/1.15 system-ui,sans-serif!important}
.mars-sidebar-tools a:hover,.mars-sidebar-tools a:focus-visible{background:#57301f!important;border-color:#d49a45!important;color:#fff!important;outline:2px solid #edbd65!important;outline-offset:1px!important}
.mars-sidebar-academy{margin:12px 0 14px!important;padding:14px!important;border:1px solid #315169!important;border-radius:12px!important;background:linear-gradient(145deg,#122c43,#0d2133)!important;color:#eef3f6!important;box-shadow:0 8px 22px rgba(0,0,0,.16)!important}
.mars-sidebar-academy__eyebrow{color:#e3bd73!important;font:850 .72rem/1.2 system-ui,sans-serif!important;letter-spacing:.08em!important;text-transform:uppercase!important}.mars-sidebar-academy strong{display:block!important;margin:5px 0!important;color:#fff!important;font-size:1rem!important}.mars-sidebar-academy p{margin:6px 0 10px!important;color:#dde7ee!important;font-size:.84rem!important;line-height:1.45!important}.mars-sidebar-academy a,.mars-sidebar-academy a:visited{display:inline-flex!important;padding:9px 11px!important;border-radius:8px!important;background:#efbd52!important;color:#172231!important;text-decoration:none!important;font-weight:900!important}
.mars-system-sidebar details{margin:0!important;border-top:1px solid #203d52!important;background:transparent!important}.mars-system-sidebar details:last-of-type{border-bottom:1px solid #203d52!important}
.mars-system-sidebar summary{display:block!important;padding:11px 4px!important;color:#f0c877!important;font:850 .91rem/1.25 system-ui,sans-serif!important;cursor:pointer!important;list-style:none!important}.mars-system-sidebar summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none!important}.mars-system-sidebar summary::before{content:"▸";display:inline-block;margin-right:7px;color:#db9340!important;transition:transform .15s ease}.mars-system-sidebar details[open]>summary::before{transform:rotate(90deg)}
.mars-system-sidebar nav{padding:0 0 8px 12px!important}.mars-system-sidebar nav a,.mars-system-sidebar nav a:visited,.mars-system-sidebar details>a,.mars-system-sidebar details>a:visited{display:block!important;padding:6px 4px!important;color:#f3f0e9!important;text-decoration:none!important;font:570 .84rem/1.35 system-ui,sans-serif!important;border-radius:5px!important;overflow-wrap:anywhere!important}
.mars-system-sidebar nav a:hover,.mars-system-sidebar nav a:focus-visible,.mars-system-sidebar details>a:hover,.mars-system-sidebar details>a:focus-visible{background:#5a301e!important;color:#fff!important;outline:1px solid #db9c4a!important;outline-offset:0!important}.mars-system-sidebar a.is-current,.mars-system-sidebar a[aria-current="page"]{background:#6a3520!important;color:#fff!important;font-weight:850!important;box-shadow:inset 3px 0 0 #efb44d!important}
.mars-sidebar-library{margin-top:14px!important;padding:13px!important;border-radius:12px!important;background:#10283d!important;border:1px solid #315169!important}.mars-sidebar-library img{display:block!important;width:min(100%,150px)!important;margin:8px auto!important;border-radius:7px!important}.mars-sidebar-library strong{display:block!important;color:#fff!important}.mars-sidebar-library p{color:#dbe5eb!important;font-size:.82rem!important}.mars-sidebar-library a{color:#ffd27a!important;font-weight:800!important}
.mars-portal-main{background:#f5f7f9!important;color:#1a2a37!important}
.site-language-switcher>summary{list-style:none!important}.site-language-switcher>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none!important}

:root{--ds-nav-bg:#071522;--ds-nav-panel:#0b2032;--ds-nav-text:#fffaf0;--ds-nav-muted:#f4e8cf;--ds-nav-accent:#f1b34a;--ds-nav-current:#8b4526;--ds-nav-border:#38566d}
html,body{max-width:100%;overflow-x:hidden!important}
.mars-portal-frame{overflow:visible!important}
.mars-header{background:#06121f!important;color:#fff!important;border-bottom:1px solid #d09a41!important}
.mars-header__inner{background:#06121f!important}
.mars-header .site-nav{background:transparent!important;box-shadow:none!important;border:0!important;min-width:0!important;overflow:visible!important}
.mars-header .site-nav__inner{background:rgba(9,29,47,.88)!important;border:1px solid #314d62!important;border-radius:12px!important;box-shadow:0 10px 26px rgba(0,0,0,.18)!important;padding:6px!important}
.mars-header .site-nav a,.mars-header .site-nav a:link,.mars-header .site-nav a:visited{color:#fffaf0!important;background:transparent!important;text-shadow:none!important;font-weight:760!important;opacity:1!important}
.mars-header .site-nav a:hover,.mars-header .site-nav a:focus-visible{color:#fff!important;background:#5d321f!important;outline:2px solid #efb753!important;outline-offset:1px!important}
.mars-header .site-nav a[aria-current="page"],.mars-header .site-nav a.mars-nav-link[aria-current="page"]{color:#fff!important;background:#1d3766!important;box-shadow:inset 0 -3px 0 #efb64d!important}
.mars-system-sidebar{background:#071827!important;color:#fffaf0!important;border-color:#29475d!important;overscroll-behavior:contain!important;scrollbar-gutter:stable!important}
.mars-system-sidebar summary,.mars-system-sidebar summary:visited,.mars-system-sidebar summary *{color:#ffe3a6!important;opacity:1!important;text-shadow:none!important}
.mars-system-sidebar nav a,.mars-system-sidebar nav a:link,.mars-system-sidebar nav a:visited,.mars-system-sidebar details>a,.mars-system-sidebar details>a:link,.mars-system-sidebar details>a:visited{color:#fffaf0!important;opacity:1!important;text-decoration:none!important}
.mars-system-sidebar nav a:hover,.mars-system-sidebar nav a:focus-visible,.mars-system-sidebar details>a:hover,.mars-system-sidebar details>a:focus-visible{color:#fff!important;background:#633621!important}
.mars-system-sidebar a.is-current,.mars-system-sidebar a[aria-current="page"]{color:#fff!important;background:#814024!important;box-shadow:inset 4px 0 0 #ffc45d!important}
.mars-system-sidebar details[open]>summary{color:#ffd279!important;background:rgba(241,179,74,.07)!important}
.mars-sidebar-title{color:#fff!important}
.mars-sidebar-search input{color:#172431!important;background:#fffaf3!important}
.mars-sidebar-search input::placeholder{color:#586570!important;opacity:1!important}
.mars-sidebar-tools a,.mars-sidebar-tools a:visited{color:#fffaf0!important;background:#0f2b43!important}
.mars-sidebar-academy a,.mars-sidebar-academy a:visited{color:#182333!important;background:#f3c35d!important}
.mars-hero__actions a,.mars-hero__actions a:link,.mars-hero__actions a:visited{color:#fff!important;background:#a63d2e!important;border-color:#c95a43!important}
.mars-hero__actions a+ a,.mars-hero__actions .secondary{color:#172431!important;background:#fffaf3!important;border-color:#f3d5a0!important}
@media(min-width:1281px){
 .mars-header__inner{display:grid!important;grid-template-columns:minmax(245px,300px) minmax(0,1fr) auto auto!important;grid-template-areas:"brand nav lang support"!important;gap:12px!important;align-items:center!important;max-width:1680px!important;margin:0 auto!important;padding:10px 16px!important}
 .mars-header .ds-mars-home-brand{grid-area:brand!important;min-width:0!important}
 .mars-header .site-nav{grid-area:nav!important;display:block!important;position:static!important}
 .mars-header .site-nav__inner{display:flex!important;flex-wrap:wrap!important;align-items:center!important;justify-content:center!important;gap:2px!important}
 .mars-header .site-nav a{padding:9px 9px!important;font-size:.88rem!important;white-space:nowrap!important}
 .mars-header .site-language-switcher{grid-area:lang!important}
 .mars-header .btn-soutien{grid-area:support!important;white-space:nowrap!important}
 .ds-mobile-nav-toggle{display:none!important}
}
@media(min-width:1025px){
 .mars-portal-frame{overflow:visible!important;align-items:start!important}
 .mars-system-sidebar{position:sticky!important;top:0!important;height:100vh!important;max-height:100vh!important;overflow-y:auto!important;overflow-x:hidden!important;align-self:start!important}
}
@media(max-width:1280px){
 .mars-header__inner{display:grid!important;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) auto auto!important;grid-template-areas:"brand lang toggle" "nav nav nav"!important;gap:8px!important;align-items:center!important;padding:8px 12px!important}
 .mars-header .ds-mars-home-brand{grid-area:brand!important}
 .mars-header .site-language-switcher{grid-area:lang!important}
 .ds-mobile-nav-toggle{grid-area:toggle!important;display:inline-flex!important;align-items:center!important;justify-content:center!important;min-height:44px!important;padding:10px 12px!important;border:1px solid #d29d47!important;border-radius:9px!important;background:#132c43!important;color:#fff!important;font-weight:850!important}
 .mars-header .site-nav{grid-area:nav!important;display:none!important;position:static!important;width:100%!important}
 .mars-header .site-nav.is-open{display:block!important}
 .mars-header .site-nav__inner{display:grid!important;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))!important;gap:5px!important;width:100%!important}
 .mars-header .site-nav a{display:block!important;padding:11px!important;font-size:.94rem!important;white-space:normal!important}
}
@media(max-width:640px){
 .mars-header__inner{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) auto!important;grid-template-areas:"brand toggle" "lang lang" "nav nav"!important}
 .mars-header .site-nav__inner{grid-template-columns:1fr!important}
 .mars-header .site-language-switcher{justify-self:start!important}
}

html,body{overflow-x:clip!important;overflow-y:visible!important}

/* Canonical bilingual Mars identity: keep the English Mars header usable even before JavaScript runs. */
.ds-mars-branded-header .ds-mars-home-brand{
  display:flex!important;align-items:center!important;gap:12px!important;color:#fff!important;text-decoration:none!important;min-width:0!important;
}
.ds-mars-branded-header .ds-mars-home-brand:before{
  content:"";display:block!important;width:72px!important;height:72px!important;flex:0 0 72px!important;
  background:url('/mars-assets/img/brand/delta-sierra-mars-official.png') center/contain no-repeat!important;
  filter:drop-shadow(0 7px 15px rgba(0,0,0,.45));
}
.ds-mars-branded-header .ds-mars-home-brand__copy{display:flex!important;flex-direction:column!important;min-width:0!important;line-height:1!important}
.ds-mars-branded-header .ds-mars-home-brand__copy small{color:#f7f8fa!important;font:850 .7rem/1 system-ui,sans-serif!important;letter-spacing:.16em!important}
.ds-mars-branded-header .ds-mars-home-brand__copy strong{margin-top:5px!important;color:#ec704d!important;font:850 1.75rem/1 system-ui,sans-serif!important;letter-spacing:.07em!important}
.ds-mars-branded-header .ds-mars-home-brand__copy em{margin-top:6px!important;color:#f1d6a5!important;font:750 .56rem/1.2 system-ui,sans-serif!important;font-style:normal!important;letter-spacing:.07em!important}
.ds-mars-branded-header .site-header__actions{margin-left:auto!important;display:flex!important;align-items:center!important;gap:10px!important;min-width:0!important}
.ds-mars-branded-header + .site-nav{
  position:relative!important;z-index:65!important;background:#071421!important;border-bottom:1px solid #b9772a!important;padding:0 18px 10px!important;
}
.ds-mars-branded-header + .site-nav .site-nav__inner{
  width:min(100%,1720px)!important;margin:0 auto!important;display:flex!important;flex-wrap:wrap!important;align-items:center!important;justify-content:center!important;
  gap:4px 5px!important;min-width:0!important;background:rgba(7,20,34,.82)!important;border:1px solid #1f354a!important;border-radius:11px!important;padding:5px!important;
}
.ds-mars-branded-header + .site-nav a,.ds-mars-branded-header + .site-nav a:visited{
  flex:0 1 auto!important;min-width:0!important;white-space:nowrap!important;padding:9px 10px!important;border-radius:7px!important;
  color:#f5f3ef!important;text-decoration:none!important;font:720 clamp(.76rem,.8vw,.9rem)/1.15 system-ui,sans-serif!important;
}
.ds-mars-branded-header + .site-nav a:hover,.ds-mars-branded-header + .site-nav a:focus-visible{
  background:#55301f!important;color:#fff!important;outline:2px solid var(--dsm-gold,#d2a94e)!important;outline-offset:1px!important;
}
.ds-mars-branded-header + .site-nav .mars-nav-link{background:#192d3e!important;border:1px solid #c99634!important;color:#fff!important}
@media(max-width:1024px){
  .ds-mars-branded-header .site-header__inner{min-height:76px!important;padding:9px 12px!important;gap:8px!important}
  .ds-mars-branded-header + .site-nav{padding:0 10px 8px!important}
  .ds-mars-branded-header + .site-nav .site-nav__inner{justify-content:flex-start!important;overflow-x:auto!important;flex-wrap:nowrap!important;scrollbar-width:thin!important}
}
@media(max-width:600px){
  .ds-mars-branded-header .ds-mars-home-brand:before{width:52px!important;height:52px!important;flex-basis:52px!important}
  .ds-mars-branded-header .ds-mars-home-brand__copy small,.ds-mars-branded-header .ds-mars-home-brand__copy em{display:none!important}
  .ds-mars-branded-header .ds-mars-home-brand__copy strong{font-size:1.25rem!important}
  .ds-mars-branded-header .site-header__actions .btn-soutien{display:none!important}
}